Zvinhu zveSilicone hazvisi chete chikamu chakakosha cheindasitiri yezvinhu zvitsva zveindasitiri yenyika inosimudzira hurongwa, asiwo chinhu chakakosha chekutsigira kune mamwe maindasitiri ari kubudirira hurongwa.

Nekuwedzera kuri kuramba kuchiita nzvimbo dzekushandisa, mukana mukuru wekudiwa kwesilicones wakaita kuti ive imwe yezvinhu zvemakemikari zvinonyanya kufarirwa pari zvino.

Chikamu chikuru chekushandiswa kwesilicone dzemumba chiri muminda yakaita sekuvaka, zvemagetsi, magetsi nesimba idzva, kurapwa, uye kutarisirwa kwemunhu. Pakati pazvo, munda wekuvaka parizvino ndiwo nzvimbo huru yekushandisa silicones, zvichiita 30%.

Pamusoro pekuwedzera kuri kuramba kuchikura kwekudiwa kwezvinhu zvesilicone mumaindasitiri echinyakare, maindasitiri anochengetedza simba uye ekuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza akadai se photovoltaics nesimba idzva, pamwe nekuvandudzwa kwemaindasitiri ari kubuda akadai sekuvaka grid remagetsi ane voltage yakakwira zvakanyanya uye yakakwira zvakanyanya, zvinhu zvinopfekwa zvine hungwaru, kudhinda kwe3D, uye 5G, zvese izvi zvinopa nzvimbo itsva dzekuwedzera kudiwa kwesilicone.

Pfupiso yeSilicones

Silicones izwi rekuti silicon organic compounds, iyo inogadzirwa uye inonyungudutswa nesimbi silicon uye chloromethane.

Danho rekutanga mukugadzira masilicones nderekugadzira methylchlorosilane, iyo inozobva yaiswa hydrolyzed kuti pave ne monomethyltrichlorosilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, uye trichlorosilane. Dimethyldichlorosilane ndiyo mhando huru ye monomer ye organic silicon, ine zvigadzirwa zvayo zvikuru zviri pasi pe silicone rabha ne silicone oil.

Parizvino, kugona kwekugadzira silicones kunotaurwa muChina kunowanzo reva kugona kwekugadzira kwemethylchlorosilane, nepo huwandu hwekugadzira huripo hwakavakirwa pakugadzirwa kwedimethylsiloxane.

Cheni yeindasitiri yeSilicones

Cheni yeindasitiri yesilicones yakakamurwa kuita malink mana: silicones raw materials, silicones monomers, silicones intermediates, uye silicones deep processing products. Kune mabhizinesi mashoma ekugadzira zvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa, monomers, uye intermediates, nepo deep processing ichisanganisira zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana uye kugona kugadzira kwakapararira.

Silicone zvinhu zvakagadzirwa

Maitiro ekugadzira masilicone anosanganisira huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvakagadziriswa. Zvinhu zvakagadziriswa zvemasilicone ipurasitiki yesilicone, iyo inogadzirwa muindasitiri nekuderedza quartz necoke muchoto chemagetsi.

Kugadzirwa kwesilicone yemumaindasitiri kunodya simbi yakawanda yesilicone nesimba, uye kunokonzera kusvibiswa kukuru kwezvakatipoteredza. Nokudaro, kuwanikwa kwakasimba uye kwemhando yepamusoro kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa nesilicone yemumaindasitiri kwave vimbiso huru yekugadzira silicones.

Sekureva kweSAGSI, muna 2020, kugona kwekugadzira silicone yemaindasitiri pasi rose kwaive matani mamiriyoni 6.23, ukuwo kugona kwekugadzira kweChina kwaive matani mamiriyoni 4.82, zvichiita 77.4%.

Siriki

Silicones monomers uye intermediates

Kuwanikwa kwesilicones monomers neintermediates mudzimba kunodarika 50% yehuwandu hwepasi rose, zvichiita kuti ive mutengesi mukuru wesilicones monomers neintermediates pasi rose. Nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwesilicones monomers, makambani anowanzo gadzira mamonomers kuita maintermediates akadai seDMC (dimethylsiloxane) kana D4 kuti atengeswe.

Kune mhando shoma uye zvirevo zvemasilicone monomers nemaintermediates.

Dimethyldichlorosilane ndiyo monomer inonyanya kushandiswa nesilicone, ichipa anopfuura 90% yehuwandu hwese hwemonomer.

Muganho wekupinda muindasitiri yesilicones wakakwira, uyo wakawedzerwa kusvika pamatani 200 000 uye unoda mari inosvika mabhiriyoni 1.5 emari yekudyara. Muganho wekupinda muindasitiri uchasimudzira mafambiro ehuwandu hwekugadzira monomer kumakambani anotungamira.

Parizvino, makambani mashoma chete ane hunyanzvi hwakakwana uye akawana kugadzirwa kwakakura, neanopfuura 90% yesimba rekugadzira rakagoverwa pakati pemakambani gumi nerimwe epamusoro.

Kuwanda kwesimba rekugadzira silicones monomer kunopawo nzvimbo yakakwana yekutaurirana kune mabhizinesi ari pasi perwizi.

Dichlorodimethylsilane

Panyaya yekuwanikwa kwezvinhu, makambani mazhinji anotungamira ekugadzira silicones muChina ane mapurojekiti ari kuenderera mberi kana zvirongwa zvitsva. Kugona kutsva kwekugadzira kuchanyanya kukonzerwa nekugadzira kubva muna 2022 kusvika 2023, uye kugona kwekugadzira kweindasitiri kwava kuda kupinda muchikamu chekuwedzera nekukurumidza.

Zvichienderana nedata kubva kuBaichuan Yingfu, makambani akadai seHesheng Silicon Industry, Yunnan Energy Investment, neDongyue Silicon Materials achaisa mari inosvika matani mamiriyoni 1.025 ekugadzira silicones gore rino. Makambani akadai seNew Special Energy, Asia Silicon Industry, neSichuan Yongxiang ari kuisawo mari mukugadzira polycrystalline silicon, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwekudiwa kwesilicones dzemaindasitiri.

SAGSI inofanotaura kuti kugona kwekugadzira silicones methyl monomers muChina kuchapfuura matani mamiriyoni matanhatu pagore panosvika gore ra2025, zvichireva kuti inopfuura 70% yesimba rekugadzira silicones methyl monomers pasi rose.

Sekureva kweC&EN, kambani yeMomentive, kambani yekunze inotungamira mukugadzira silicones inoronga kuvhara kugona kwayo kugadzira silicones muWaterford, New York, zvichiita kuti Dow ive yega inogadzira silicones muUnited States.

Kugona kwekugadzira silicones monomer pasi rose kunoendeswa kuChina, uye huwandu hwehuwandu hwezvinhu zviri muindasitiri hucharamba huchikura mune ramangwana.

Kugadziriswa kwakadzika kwesilicones

Zvigadzirwa zvesilicone zvakagadziriswa zvakadzama zvinowanzo kuwanikwa muchimiro chemorekuru cheRnSiX (4-n), uye hunhu hwakagadzikana hwefizikisi yesilicon cheni pamwe nekusiyana kwemapoka anoshanda zvinopa zvigadzirwa zvesilicone zvakagadziriswa zvakadzama mabasa ekushandisa akapfuma. Zvigadzirwa zvikuru isilicone rabha nesilicone oiri, zvichiita 66% ne21% zvichiteerana.

Parizvino, indasitiri yekugadzira silicones yakadzama ichiri muchikamu chekukura nekukurumidza, ine indasitiri yakapararira zvishoma. Kune makambani anopfuura 3,000 ekugadzira silicone ari pasi chete.

Tangi reOlivia Factory Raw Material

Maumbirwo ezvigadzirwa zvesilicone zvakagadziriswa zvakadzama muChina:

Makambani esilicone ekune dzimwe nyika haana mukana wekushandisa mari yakawanda mukugadzira silicone monomers kana tichienzanisa nemakambani ekuChina, uye mazhinji emakambani esilicone ekune dzimwe nyika anonyanya kutarisa pakugadzira zvigadzirwa zvekugadzirisa zvinhu zvakadzama uye kuwedzera huwandu hwemaindasitiri.

Mitemo yekukurudzira indasitiri yesilicone yeChina yakachinja zvishoma nezvishoma kubva pakugadzira monomer kuenda pakugadzirisa zvakadzama zvigadzirwa zvesilicone, kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvitsva zvesilicone, kuwedzera nzvimbo itsva dzekushandisa, uye kuvandudza mwero wekushandiswa kwakazara.

Silika

Zvigadzirwa zveSilicone zviri pasi pemvura zvine kukosha kwakanyanya uye mikana yekushandisa musika. Parizvino, kuchine mukana wakakura wekuvandudza kushandiswa kwesilicone mumisika iri kusimukira muChina nekune dzimwe nyika.

Silicone

Polycrystalline Silicon